Pengaplikasian Alternator sebagai Motor Penggerak
Keywords:
✔ PWM ✔ Gate Driver ✔ Final Stage ✔ AlternatorAbstract
Three-phase DC motors offer significant advantages over internal combustion engines, particularly in terms of efficiency, durability, and high torque performance. In line with the development of industrial technology, automotive alternators can be modified to function as Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors due to their robust construction and capability to produce large torque under extreme operating conditions. However, the main challenge in this innovation lies in the requirement for an optimal control system to address synchronization issues and rotational stability over a wide frequency range. This study aims to design and test a three-phase driver circuit for an alternator-based motor using a CD4017 IC sequencer configured as a mod-3 counter. The system employs a TIP31C BJT transistor as a gate driver and an IRF250 MOSFET as the final power amplifier. An XY-LPWM module is integrated to regulate the duty cycle and simultaneously control rotor excitation current in order to optimize torque and rotational speed. Experimental results show that the designed circuit successfully drives the alternator stator with an average excitation current of 670 mA at operational frequencies up to 350 Hz. Technical analysis indicates a frequency division ratio of four in the CD4017 IC, where a 25 Hz input from the XY-LPWM module is observed as 6.23 Hz on the oscilloscope. Although the system is capable of speed control, instability occurs at low frequencies (10–25 Hz) in the form of rotor vibrations due to high inertia. At higher frequencies, the motor speed reaches stagnation at 1,762 RPM and does not increase further even when the input frequency is raised up to 1 kHz.
Abstrak
Motor DC tiga fasa menawarkan keunggulan signifikan dibandingkan motor bakar, di tengah perkembangan teknologi industri alternator mobil kini dimodifikasi menjadi motor penggerak Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) karena memiliki durabilitas tinggi dan kemampuan menghasilkan torsi besar pada kondisi ekstrem. Tetapi permasalahannya utama inovasi ini adalah perlunya sistem kontrol yang optimal untuk mengatasi kendala sinkronisasi dan stabilitas putaran pada rentang frekuensi yang luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan menguji rangkaian driver tiga fasa berbasis sequencer IC CD4017 dengan konfigurasi counter clock mod-3. Sistem ini menggunakan transistor BJT TIP31C sebagai gate driver dan MOSFET IRF250 sebagai penguat daya akhir. Integrasi modul XY-LPWM digunakan untuk memanipulasi duty cycle serta mengatur arus eksitasi pada rotor secara simultan guna mengoptimalkan torsi dan kecepatan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rangkaian berhasil menggerakkan stator alternator dengan arus eksitasi rata-rata 670 mA pada frekuensi operasional hingga 350 Hz. Analisis teknis mengungkap adanya rasio pembagi frekuensi sebesar empat pada IC CD4017, di mana input 25 Hz dari XY-LPWM terbaca sebagai 6,23 Hz pada osiloskop. Meskipun sistem mampu melakukan pengendalian tetapi kendala pada frekuensi rendah (10–25 Hz) berupa getaran rotor akibat inersia yang besar. Pada frekuensi tinggi, kecepatan motor mengalami stagnasi pada 1.762 RPM dan tidak meningkat meskipun frekuensi input dipacu hingga 1 kHz.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Inayah Syarifa Ishak, Jufridson Lay Wohe, Yuri Gagarin Prani, Jani F. Mandala

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