Prototype Sistem Manajemen Beban Adaptif Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Energi Dan Umur Baterai Pada Sistem Hybrid Angin Dan Surya

Abstract

A hybrid power generation system based on solar and wind energy is one renewable energy solution capable of improving the continuity of energy supply compared to relying on a single energy source. However, fluctuations in power output caused by changing weather conditions can lead to an imbalance between available energy and load demand. Additionally, continuous battery use without proper management can accelerate capacity degradation and shorten battery life. This research aims to design and develop an ESP32-based Adaptive Load Management System capable of automatically regulating load usage based on the battery’s State of Charge (SoC) and energy availability in a hybrid wind and solar system. The system was developed using the Research and Development (R&D) method with a quantitative experimental approach. The main components used include the ESP32, an ACS712 sensor, a voltage sensor, a relay, a TFT LCD, and the Blynk platform as an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring medium. Testing was conducted through expert validation, functional testing of the device, energy efficiency testing, and battery lifespan testing. The research results are expected to improve energy efficiency, maintain system stability, and extend battery life through real-time load control mechanisms.

ABSTRAK

Sistem pembangkit hybrid berbasis energi surya dan angin merupakan salah satu solusi energi terbarukan yang mampu meningkatkan kontinuitas suplai energi dibandingkan penggunaan satu sumber energi saja. Namun, fluktuasi daya yang dihasilkan akibat perubahan kondisi cuaca dapat menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan antara energi yang tersedia dan kebutuhan beban. Selain itu, penggunaan baterai secara terus-menerus tanpa pengelolaan yang tepat dapat mempercepat degradasi kapasitas dan menurunkan umur baterai. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengembangkan Sistem Manajemen Beban Adaptif berbasis ESP32 yang mampu mengatur penggunaan beban secara otomatis berdasarkan kondisi State of Charge (SoC) baterai dan ketersediaan energi pada sistem hybrid angin dan surya. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimen. Komponen utama yang digunakan meliputi ESP32, sensor ACS712, sensor tegangan, Relay, LCD TFT, dan platform Blynk sebagai media monitoring berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Pengujian dilakukan melalui validasi ahli, pengujian fungsional alat, pengujian efisiensi energi, dan pengujian umur baterai. Hasil penelitian diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan energi, menjaga kestabilan sistem, serta memperpanjang umur baterai melalui mekanisme pengendalian beban secara real-time.